Tess Durbeyfield, Guilty Or Not Guilty Essays - Lost Films

Tess Durbeyfield, Guilty Or Not Guilty Grant Gardner- [emailprotected] CP English IV January 11, 1998 Tess Durbeyfield, Guilty or not Guilty In the book Tess of the D'Urbervilles by Thomas Hardy, Tess Durbeyfield suffers a great deal of tribulation in her tragic life. Although her life is filled with misfortune, she is not responsible for these tragic events. One of the first tragedies in Tess' life, that seems to lead to all the others, is when she falls asleep as she is taking a load of bees to the market and accidentally kills the horse. This is not Tess' fault. In the first place, it wasn't her responsibility to take to bees to the market. It was the responsibility of her drunken father. If anyone is to blame for being irresponsible, it is Tess' parents. Tess is always doing work her parents should be doing because her parents are too lazy and Tess feels responsible for supporting the family. The night before Tess leaves, her parents go off to a bar while Tess is left at home to take care of the family and the chores. Another tragedy in the life of Tess Durbeyfield is her pregnancy by Alec. At first, one may think it is all her fault for getting pregnant, but if one takes a closer look at the situation Tess was really in, it is quite obvious that she was, once again, a victim of misfortune. Tess' mother never educates her about some of the essential facts of life and Tess does not know what most men are like. In addition, Tess' selfish mother wants her to marry Alec so that Durbeyfield family can be financially well off. She isn't thinking about the best interests of Tess. The death of Tess' baby is a huge tragedy. There is no way Tess is at fault for this tragedy. She does everything that any loving mother would do for her baby and more. It is very tragic when Angel decides he doesn't want to be with Tess any more. Angel, not Tess, is to blame for this catastrophe in the life of Tess. Tess forgives Angel for deliberately having an affair. However, Angel is unable to completely forgive Tess for being taken advantage of by Alec. If Angel, who is the greater sinner of the two, really loves Tess, he would not leave her. Tess can not be blamed for going back to Alec. It is the logical decision to make because she, basically, has no choice and has not heard from Angel for a very long time. When Tess kills Alec, it obviously is not by accident. Tess seems like the only person to blame for the murder because she is the one who stabs Alec. It is true that some blame should be placed on Tess for the murder, but this was not completely her fault. She is not a cold-blooded killer. She has lived a miserable life full of sorrow and tragedy. When she learns that Alec is not her cousin and that he was wrong for making Tess believe that Angel would never come, she takes out all her anger and frustration in an impulsive crime of passion. Tess is wrong for doing this, but she does not deserve to be hanged. In conclusion, Tess Durbeyfield is indeed a pure woman who just happens to be extremely unlucky either by coincidence or by fate. Book Reports

The eNotes Blog Spring Survival Tips for the ACTs andSATs

Spring Survival Tips for the ACTs andSATs High school students, its that time of year again Exam time! Oh joy of joys. To assist you in this hour of need, weve got a few tips to help you out on the ACT and SAT exams that are fast approaching, along with some important dates and deadlines to help you stay on track. Have a question regarding either exam? Post it in a comment and well answer it for you ASAP! SATs Important Dates: If youve already registered for the next test, its just around the corner on May 7th. If you havent yet taken the test this Spring, you should register for the June 1st test date by May 7th. Head to collegeboard.org  to register online asap. Study Materials:  The College Board site is a veritable treasure trove of helpful links. Nobody should go into the exam without becoming very familiar with itand that includes much more than taking the PSAT in your junior year. One extremely useful page is the SAT Study Plan  area. This is your homepage from where you can navigate practice tests and questions, as well as tips on various sections of the test. Whats even better is that it is completely customizable; those of you who have never taken the test before will see different content than those who have taken the SATs at least once. Plus, for those in the latter category, theres even a page where you can get even more personalized feedback based on your PSAT scores. You can check that page out here. Of course, purchasing a physical study book is always a bright idea. The upside of the College Board SAT support site, though, is that it has all the helpful strategies, tips, and practice tests youll find in a book, with the added benefit of being free and only a click away. Maximize your time by receiving the SAT Question of the Day by emailyoull be studying every day without even realizing it. Finally, heres one really helpful study material you might not have heard about SAT Vocabulary Novels. If you struggle with the SAT Vocab section, as most students do, the absolute best way to expand your vocabulary is by reading. Seeing words in their context is infinitely more helpful than memorizing definitions on flashcards. It also ensures that you remember those words for far longer. The SAT Vocabulary Novel series contains books of all genres, all geared towards teens. Take Rave New World, for example, a futuristic dystopian novel about love and addiction. These books intersperse the most popular SAT words throughout, then highlight them with definitions at the bottom of the page. Really useful stuff to get you familiar with that intimidating SAT lexicon, and way more riveting than the dictionary. Insider Tips: I used to tutor juniors and seniors for SAT and ACT prep, and in each student the greatest (and fastest) progress I saw was in the Writing section of both tests. In the SATs this consists of the question sections Improving Sentences, Improving Paragraphs, and Identifying Sentence Errors, as well as the 25-minute essay portion of the exam. If youre cramming before the next test and want to see improvements quickly, my best advice to you is to take a crash course in grammar and punctuation. Many English grammar rules are never properly addressed in school; your teachers may encourage you to use the semi-colon to appear smarter, but never actually instruct the rules of using it properly (semi-colon intended!). Find out the rules of subject-verb agreement,   parenthetical clauses, independent vs. subordinate clauses, comma usage  and other marks of punctuation, pronouns, and especially  subjective vs. objective pronouns  (in other words knowing when to use who and w hom). Study up on the basic mechanics of writing and I promise youll see a huge improvement in all sections of the SAT Writing test. Click on the hyperlinks to OWL Purdue for more info on each rule, then follow-up with specific questions for your English teacher. Having somebody guide you through these grammar rules will make them so much easier to understand. Unfortunately, grammar is largely left out of the high school rubric, so a little extra effort is required on your part here. ACTs Important Dates: The next available testing date is June 8th. Registration must be purchased by May 3rd. To register, head to actstudent.org. Study Materials:  Like for the SAT, the ACT official website provides test prep support and practice tests. You can access these resources from the ACT test prep page, here. Since the site is less engaging than the SATs, though, I recommend that you purchase an ACT prep bookI used this one when I tutored my students (its the official one put out by the ACT company). However, similar strategies do apply for both the SAT and ACTs Writing and Math sections, which means that some SAT test practice in those areas will still benefit you greatly. Compared to the SAT, the ACT is a little more straightforward in its questions, in my opinion, which is probably why it has grown so much in popularity in recent years. Many students find that they score higher on this test than on the SAT (though its a good idea to take both tests and compare your scores to play up to your greatest strengths). One prominent difference that sets the ACT apart is its Reading section. Rather than containing many short paragraphs, it consists of four articles in four different subjects: Social Studies, Natural Sciences, Prose Fiction, and Humanities. The varying subjects exist to test your abilities in gathering information and making inferences depending on the content at hand; for some this can be more difficult when reading fiction, for others the sciences are more intimidating. It all depends on what kind of learner you areor so you might presume In fact, the test questions in each category are all the same: you have to make inferences, identify vocabulary in context, understand the main idea of the passage, and so on. The best way to come to this realization is to practice the Reading test as many times as you can, which means that finding a study guide with numerous practice sections is imperative. Not only will this make you more comfortable with the multi-subject style of the Reading p ortion, but it will also help you figure out the time strategy that works best for you. Insider Tips:  Yes, the ACT contains a Science section. No, you do NOT have to be a Science wiz to score well on it. Case in point: I, recipient of an English Lit degree and longtime scaredy-cat of anything Chemistry or Physics-related, was able to teach it. And before you fear for the poor souls under my tuition let me tell you this: by the end of the course, all of them excelled in the ACT Science section. Ill let you in on the secret Do NOT study Science to prepare for this test. This means dont brush up on your periodic table, dont familiarize yourself with Newtons laws, dont memorize conversion formulas or read everything available about the Higgs Boson particle in the hopes that it will make it onto the test, just DONT. Someone with an 8th-grade understanding of Science can still do well on this test section, as long as the student recognizes that this is a test of your skills of comprehension. You will be given some data representation (simple graphs and charts), research summaries, and conflicting viewpoints of various experiments and studies, then asked 40 questions total. These questions will test your ability to form conclusions based on the evidence in front of you. Sometimes these experiment summaries (ones in the conflicting viewpoints category) are based on completely fictional Science, which means that many times the most scientific task you will be presented with will be to look at a line graph. No Higgs Boson particles here. Though on the surface this portion of the exam may seem more intimidating than the Reading section, the evidence is actually presented in a much clearer, more easily navigable format. If you can overcome your initial fears of Science, this section will be a walk in the park for you. To familiarize yourself more with the Science test, check out this helpful video from ACT Inc below: And there you have it, the most important tips and deadlines youll need to know ahead of your next standardized test. Got any questions for a former SAT/ACT tutor? Ask in a comment and Ill get you an answer. Good luck! PSfor some guidance on the exam portion of the tests, check out these helpful answers from expert educators in our Essay Lab topic: How can I best organize my essay? What are some tips for writing a high-scoring essay on the ACT? On the SAT?

Contributions of Civil rights Movement in post-world war America to Essay

Contributions of Civil rights Movement in post-world war America to the Political and Social Development of the United States - Essay Example The paper tells that following the civil war, the thirteenth amendment eradicated slavery and the blacks gained their freedom. The freed blacks were mostly illiterate and were property or money bereft. In the south where there was slavery predominance, inequality and racism were rampant. The state and federal governments facilitated many democratic reforms in the 1860s and 1870s to support black assimilation into the white people. The 14th amendment guaranteed the blacks equal rights which were federally protected. The 15th amendment provided approval rights for every black man to vote. Throughout the construction era, new found rights were short lived. The southern whites employed various means to bar the blacks from enjoying any citizenship benefits. They kept the blacks totally disenfranchised through intimidation and harassment. A Cold War rose up in America as the World War II came to an end. Momentous changes in America pertinent to nationalization emerged. The changes enhanced support for an emergent Civil Rights Movement that chiefly aimed at doing away with southern segregation rules and overturning the 1896 ramifications of the Plessy vs. Ferguson case at the Supreme Court. Both the congress and the court in 1954 affirmed what individuals like Martin Luther King were preaching to both white Americans and the black. The black Americans had courageously served in the Second World War which was celebrated for its outstanding contributions even though segregation still continued in the armed forces. While the black Americans were roughly 10% of the whole population, they were approximately 11% of all registered in the military service. American Civil rights were strongly aided by the augmentation of Liberal Democrats in the northern part of America that were firmly in desegregation support (Cashman 82). On the other hand, Republicans were moving towards the southern part where segregation took the fore front. The â€Å"I have a Dream† words of Mart in Luther King Junior at the nation’s capital were probed up by the civil rights words. In collaboration with other black activists, they were main partakers in the Civil Rights Movement. In the first place, this movement was to abolish slavery and weighty intimidations and harassments of the black. Segregation in the communal schools was not constitutional. Earl Warren the chief justice presented the separate but equal decision by the court was a violation of the Africa American’s rights. An incident that attracted the public eye was unfolded in Montgomery where there was segregation of the black Africans at the buses. The blacks were to reserve seats for the whites whenever the whites have filled the front seats. This law was defied by Park who was a black and was later arrested. The black community responded to the arrest by a one day boycott of the public buses of Montgomery. A lead massive movement organized by preacher Martin King Luther Jr., NAACP and other Afri can leaders challenged the racist laws of Montgomery. The boycotts went on for more than one year despite harassment and taunting from the white community. The federal courts then intervened by desegregating the buses on 21st December the year 1956. As the pace quickened, the blacks made an effort to attentively pass an Act of Civil Rights that would enforce other rights including voting rights. The Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee i.e. SNCC was formed by the black

Health Care Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Health Care - Assignment Example This has been attributed by the increase in the number of generic drugs that cost far much less than the original drugs. Besides, the diagnostic costs through insurance schemes have proven to be more expensive in contrary to paying directly from the pocket (Hicks &Jacobs, 2014). Despite the presence of an oversight physicians as one of the healthcare regulatory authority in the United States healthcare management, it has been noted with great concern that not much is being done in trying to regulate or control the influx and dispensation of drugs to the citizens. The state government should implement regulations to eliminate license on physicians perceived to be indulged in the production of generic drugs. Besides, there are no prescribed policies governing the conduct of pharmaceutical malpractices and this has given room for best sales of generic drugs than branded drugs. Moreover, there are no enforceable contracts that give clarifications on the best possible measure necessary in curbing medical practices reforms (Hicks &Jacobs, 2014). ... From the research, possible sources are also pointing a shaft decrease in supply of FDA drugs through a consistent variation as from the year 1996 to 2010. Another observation made indicates that in every five drugs, only one would be found to be branded. This is because generic drugs are known to sell at cheaper price whereas the possible content is almost of the same quality or it may have very little difference. There is projection that, if this trend continues for the next few years then there would be a very deep decline from branded medicine to the stakeholders’ payers’ model (Prelovs?ek & Hajna, 2011). Due to the presence and the pricing cost of generic drugs, pharmaceutical industries would be far much affected in terms of future revenues leading to a decline in job markets and sales. Moreover, some pharmaceutical companies that are engaged in sale of branded medicines would find it very difficult to generate enough returns while sale representative would shift opportunities to dealing in generic drugs that would otherwise generate quick returns (Prelovs?ek & Hajna, 2011). Comparing the pricing of drugs in United States and Canada According to the U.S health care reforms report of 2012, it has been realized that the United State of charges very high prices on prescription drugs as compared to any other developed state in the world. Even though the manufacturing cost of medicines seems to be low in The United States, the escalating cost in pricing are attributed during the development process. Most of the pharmaceutical companies see this rising cost in pricing to have been characterized by a lot of money being spent in

Operartional management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Operartional management - Essay Example The case of restaurant managed by Ms Nok Si Leon shows that she is full of innovative and quality improvements ideas, thus some of them will not work in the airport setting. To present a total point of view, critics shall consider channels from the manufacturers' perspective, emphasizing their selection rather than the description of their components. Just the same, it should not be assumed that channels are always selected or devised on a rational basis. Many channels just grow and become habitual and institutionalized. In the future they must be planned more effectively because marketing tasks (which are shaped by technological changes, sociological and psychological factors, new product development, automation, and dynamic global markets) are becoming more complex (Naylor 2002). The proposed two shelf lines will help Nok to meet customers' expectations and different tastes. It should be evident that differences exist between the organization and management of a channel as compared with that of an independent unit. Authority does not flow directly through each of the units from the top down. Resources are owned and allocated by a number of units. Objectives and expectations of units vary; and although interdependence of interests exists, there are also conflicts. The ideal relationship as seen by each member may shackle other members. In such instances, negotiation, bargaining, and requests for cooperation as well as power become tools of coordination. Following Cohen and Roussel (2004) equilibrium in a channel depends on the development of mutually satisfying marketing relationships and roles among manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers. The tie that binds and coordinates channel activity is the community of interest and independence that these groups share. Often the relationship is one in which the manufacturer is the primary organization and other channel members are secondary (Naylor 2002). The most ineffective strategy is to divide the restaurant into two areas and "move" it divided line when necessary. It will create a lot of problems for staff and visitors. Basically, restaurants have three channel policy courses available to them -- intensive, limited, or exclusive distribution. Intensive or broad distribution gives maximum exposure; these are convenience items where easy and ready access is important. The problem they pose of widespread market penetration often requires wholesalers. Limited menus permits a choice of dealers more ready to cooperate with a manufacturer and promote his line. This approach permits the concentration of effort on selected outlets, and requires careful planning. Nok should rely on high quality but limited number of food proposed to customers (Naylor 2002). For Nok, channel selection has great bearing on a company's financial requirements and market capability and vice versa. Given the total range of services supplied by a channel (the wholesaler, for example), companies are able to distribute to broader market areas and to expand their production capabilities. As distribution channels change, so do corporate financial requirements and resource positions. Manufacturers may establish a sequential plan for distribution based on their own development. For instance, a small manufacturer with a limited product line, limited finances, and geographically dispersed markets may use the full services of a wholesaler. As the manufacturer grows in financial

Chronic Non-communicable Diseases (CNCD)

Chronic Non-communicable Diseases (CNCD) Chronic Non-communicable Diseases(CNCD) Non-communicable diseases are chronic conditions that do not result from an acute infectious process, which known to be an instant progress, however, they lead to death, physical dysfunction, or impairment in the quality of life. In addition to that, chronic condition develop over relatively long period at first without causing sign and symptoms, but after while the diseases manifestations develop over time, there may be a period of protracted impaired health condition. Commonly, non-communicable diseases are considered to have characteristic of non-transmissible from person to person by contact or any other form of transmissions. Also chronic non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death globally, killing more people each year than all other causes combined. Thus, Chronic non-communicable diseases are vastly becoming the international core of health issue and awareness toward them is instantly put into identifying solutions to the problem globally. According to WHO, the f our main types of non-communicable diseases are cardiovascular diseases mainly heart attacks and stroke, followed by cancers, chronic respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructed pulmonary disease and asthma, and lastly diabetes. This paper describes a framework, based on an ecological model, for addressing the major risk factors that contribute to chronic non-communicable diseases. Moreover, constructing ways to avoid and modify getting contact with chronic non-communicable diseases. CNCD prevention and control interventions will be incorporated into the healthy settings approach from the government to the individual level will lessen the overall critical CNCD globally. In addressing risk factors in each different sector from the ecological model can lessen the chances of getting Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases. The ecological model is categorized in decreasing ecological size order; start with public policy, flowed by community group, institutional group, interpersonal group, and individual level. Each group of ecological model will play a key role to preventions and appropriate intervention on CNCD. To begin with, the action of public policy on development of a system to establish targets, designate responsibility, and conduct performance management will gain success in prevention and intervention. Specifically, the developments of policy has focus on all areas on overall objectives and take priorities into account in order to develop local prevention and treatment plan in every annual period. Thus, it requires careful research on policies and measures that will facilitate the achievement of the goals, and effectively solve the problems and difficulties in CNCD prevention and treatment. Followed by, put into place policy guarantees, personnel staffing, capital investment, supervision and incentives will strengthen social mobilization. Moreover, make efforts to form a prevention and treatment synergic effect among the government and the society. For preferences of improvement, policies shall be introduced to enhance the quality of the environment, by increasing supported coverage area such as fitness facilities to build a healthy environment, to promote balanced diet, regular exercise, as well as tobacco free and alcohol consumption control area, result in avoidance of major risk factors of CNCD. Secondly, working in addressing from the community group such as organizations, community leaders, citizens will enhance the avoidance of risk factors affecting the populations. The ministry of health plays a key role in this coverage, revising existing and develop new guidelines, manuals and training modules for all of the activities showing the interaction between the ecological models of institutional and community group. In addition to that the departments of science and technology, industry and information technology, agriculture, protection of environment, commerce, radio film and television, press and publication, food and drug administration, etc. shall closely cooperate in accordance with their functions as well as perform their set obligations and accomplish their responsibilities. The essential job of communities, schools, worksites and healthcare sites can support and promote healthy behaviors through policies and environmental factors such as smoke-free workplaces, healt hy cafeteria meals, sidewalks bike paths, incentives for bicycle and pedestrian commuters, worksite wellness programs, insurance coverage for preventive services like tobacco cessation. In addition to that, strengthening of the School Health programs to include a component involving the family and community, in both health education and health-promoting activities such as increasing and enhancing physical education program, stimulate extracurricular physical activity time to time, provision of healthy food at schools, sensitively conducts inspections to unhealthy food at schools, and school-based CNCD risk factor screening and intervention. Thirdly, interpersonal group plays a role in early prevention and intervention of the major risk factors that contribute to the CNCD health problems. Group of family, friends, and social networks plays a role in addressing the critical case and helps out to avoid the preventable diseases. For example, Training of teachers and members of Parents-Teachers Association to raise awareness of the issue of increasing obesity and other CNCD risk factors in children under the school health program, highlighting the CNCD risk factors in particularly obesity and healthy diet. Also, providing lectures on prevention and management of childhood obesity will be another choice, whereas healthy eating physical activity exercise includes additional training for implementation of school-based programs for CNCD managing risk factors. On top of that, ministry of health, part of institution group is responsible for producing the necessary guidelines, manuals and training modules also seeing interconnecte d relationship within ecological model. As the result bring on progressive in training community members especially in healthy eating, physical activity and exercise, also avoiding risk factors that contributes to CNCD within interpersonally. Lastly, in solving the way improving factors such as knowledge, attitudes and skills of individual level can bring extra contributions to lessen the severity of global critic of death due to the major risk of chronic non-communicable diseases. Take on self-care responsibilities and become a resource for themselves and others in disease prevention and management will be further expanded. NCD prevention and control interventions will be incorporated into the healthy settings approach; this will include expanding the school health services to include nutrition and exercise promotion, cardiovascular risk and early intervention. To be informative, critical attribution resulted unhealthy lifestyle or modifiable behaviors like tobacco use, sedentary lifestyle, poor diet, however, the most effective models of eliminating risk factors focus on changing individual behaviors start from itself.

The SOHO Project :: essays research papers

The Solar and Heliospheric Observatory or SOHO for short is a cooperative joint effort by the European Space Agency (ESA) and the U. S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The main mission of this project is to study the internal structure of the Sun, its extensive upper atmosphere, as well as to determine the origin and characteristics of the solar wind. The SOHO spacecraft was launched on December 2, 1995 where then it was directed to go about 930,000 miles sunward from the Earth to the L1 or the Lagrangian point. This â€Å"Lagrangian† point is a place between the Sun and the Earth where the gravity pulls of both masses stabilize the spacecraft enough to achieve a state of gravitational equilibrium between the two masses. At this point, the spacecraft then established its own â€Å"halo-like† orbit in space but continued to also orbit about the Sun in the same orbital path as the Earth. Once SOHO’s â€Å"halo-like† orbit was established, the spacecraft was then ready to open its payload bay doors and begin its probing of the Sun with its wide array of scientific instruments. All instruments aboard the SOHO spacecraft fall under one of the following headings based on what area of the Sun it is suppose to observe and measure: the solar interior, the solar atmosphere, or the solar wind. The solar interior instruments such as GOLF (Global Oscillations at Low Frequencies) and VIRGO (Variability of Solar Irradiance and Gravity Oscillations) both perform oscillation measurements of the full solar disk which obtains information concerning the solar nucleus. In addition, the instruments that measure the solar atmosphere such as the CDS (Coronal Diagnostics Spectrometer) and UVCS (Ultraviolet Coronograph Spectrometer) observe both the inner and outer corona. They obtain measurements of temperature, density, composition, and velocity in the corona with high resolution. Finally, the instruments that analyze and measure the solar wind include ERNE (Energetic and Relativistic Nuclei and Electron experiment) and CELIAS (Charge, Element, and Isotope Analysis System) whi ch measure the charge state and isotopic composition of ions in the solar wind. These two instruments also determine the charge and isotopic composition of energetic particles generated by the Sun. The sensitive instruments aboard the SOHO spacecraft have already helped scientists here on Earth discover and explain some of the mysteries of the Sun as well as to confirm some of their theories they previously held. For example, in May of 1998 with the help of the Michelson Doppler Interferometer scientists were able to see with greater clarity the giant convective cells inside and on the surface of the Sun.

Portrait and a Dream Essay

Abstract expressionists, James Pollock created an abstract full of symbolically hidden messages, called The Portrait and a Dream, 1953.   First impressions that are given off by this painting sends messages of confusion, anger, hopeless dreams, perhaps the inner thought and feelings of the artists when he made the abstract. The art work portrays someone who furiously scribbled many lines across the canvas in no controlled manner, working from hostile and angry emotions. If music was made to match this painting, it would not be smooth jazz or classical, but like rap with an angry fast techno beat producing violence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When considering the title of the painting, and looking at the line arrangements, Pollock was telling a story about his frustrations over empty dreams. Dull, plain off color canvas is chosen as the background for this art. To the right is a very black and Halloween orange colored head, perhaps an indication of what is going on in his mind as he was painting; or it could be a resemblance of him in his sleep at night. The main theme or point behind this painting appears to send messages to let someone know this person is upset. Many artists write songs, create paintings, choreograph dances to get certain points to someone who has made them upset. Pollock seems to be sending an underlying message to one person, a person who somehow blocked him from his achievements, even though many people are fascinated with this abstract. To the center gearing to the right, is an eye that can be of human form. The rest of the face takes on the identity of an animal, perhaps a wild cat. The selected mixture of autumn colors with hidden images of a cat peaking through to the audience implies this painting applies to Halloween, or fall season. The overall shape of the Halloween colored ball or head has a few stray extensions leading away from the ball. The head is looking toward the mass of confusion, on the left side of the painting.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the left side, is many scribbled black lines, portraying confusion, or despair. The black fills in some of the empty spaces overseeing the left side of the portrait. Most of the painting is hollowed or emptied, just lines zigzagging and crossing one another. A couple of potential faces are drawn into the scrambled lines. One of the faces centers the overall portrait, another is found at the bottom right side.   The face centering the portrait has clenched teeth, the eyes resemble anger. The potential face at the bottom right very much looks like a skeleton with cross bones, the national symbol for poison or danger.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Looking at the overall view of this painting, the round colored object on the right of the painting is smaller than the confused lines on the left side of the painting. The drawing portion of the art fills up most of the space, dividing into two separate forms, lays against a solid background. The circular object on the right side resembling his own head, revealing the inner secretive contents looking out at the painting resembling confusion, indicates that his confusion, despair and hopelessness is , perhaps to much for him to bear. The interpretations of this painting can be limitless. However, anyone can look at this painting, instantly recognize this painting is not conveying a pleasant, peaceful or calm tonality.   Lack of bright contrasting colors may portray images or ideas that are the total opposite of confusion. Someone else may interpret the hidden meanings of the abstract portrait as lots of energy, or hyperactivity, unable to sit still or even a pleasant excitement.

The Limitations in Greek Citizenship and Democracy essays

The Limitations in Greek Citizenship and Democracy essays According to most present-day historians that focus on the political and social realms of ancient Greece, the implementation of the concept of citizenship as the basis for the city-state (polis) and the extension of citizen status to all free-born members of the community is most closely related to the Athenians who desired to form a free society in the ancient world with democracy as its foundation. In Athens, citizenship carried certain legal rights, such as access to courts to resolve disputes, protection against enslavement by kidnapping and participation in the religious and cultural life of the polis. It also implied participation in politics, although the degree of participation open to the poorest men varied among different city-states. The ability to hold office, for example, could be limited in some cases to owners of a certain amount of property or wealth. But most importantly, citizen status distinguished free men and women from slaves and foreigners; thus, even the poor had a distinction that set themselves apart from these groups that were not given There were also other limitations in regard to Athenian citizenship, for the incompleteness of the equality that under laid the political structure of the polis was most prominent as to status of citizen women who generally had an identity, social status and local rights that were denied slaves and foreigners. Citizen women had access to courts in disputes over property and other legal matters, but they could not represent themselves and had to have men speak for their interests, a requirement that reveals their inequality under the law. in contrast, all male citizens, regardless 2 eventually entitled to attend, speak in, and cast a vote in the communal assemblies in which policy decisions for the polis were made and drafte ...

What Happened To Commercial Farm Workers After The Famous Land Reform (Land Grab) Programme In Zimbabwe The WritePass Journal

What Happened To Commercial Farm Workers After The Famous Land Reform (Land Grab) Programme In Zimbabwe a. Statement of purpose What Happened To Commercial Farm Workers After The Famous Land Reform (Land Grab) Programme In Zimbabwe Introduction a. Statement of purpose Overview summary Background and context of the Study Significance of the Problem Research Questions Hypothesis Scope / Limitations Research Methodology Structure of the Project ConclusionsBibliographyRelated Introduction a. Statement of purpose The goal of this study is to explore the different ways through which the land redistribution programme in Zimbabwe affected commercial farm workers in the country. The study will examine the assumptions that farm workers were better off prior to the land redistribution programme in the country. The study is expected to analyse whether the land redistribution affected the farm workers negatively or not. It is important to note that the land redistribution programme had been expected decades prior to implementation. Considering the fact that the majority of farm land was owned and controlled by a few white farmers, redistribution was necessary in order to promote social justice (UNDP, 2002). The study will explore the various ways through which the land redistribution programme ought to have been carried out. Overview summary The first chapter of this study will present the problem to be addressed in a general introduction. Chapter two shall explore material that has been previously published on the subject by other authors. This literature review shall provide necessary background information that will enable readers to have a better understanding about what the study is all about. This will include the political history of land distribution in Zimbabwe and how farmland ended up in the hands of a white minority. Chapter three shall be the methodology, which will outline the methods through which this study shall be carried out. Chapter four shall report the findings of the study and then a conclusion shall be drawn in chapter five. Chapter five shall also include recommendations and the implications of the outcomes of the study. Background and context of the Study Historically, the land problem in Zimbabwe can be traced back to the colonial era when European colonialists and businessmen settled in Zimbabwe and began cultivating the fertile lands in the country (Chan, 2003). Long after Zimbabwe gained its independence from Britain, white farmers who had settled in the country remained there and continued cultivating the fertile soil in the country (Mutangi, 2010). Zimbabwe’s political elite in the ZANU PF party began addressing the issue. This sensitive issue attracted widespread local and international interest. When the land redistribution programme began, many black Zimbabweans welcomed it with a sigh of relief. Commercial farm workers were unaware of the fact that the land redistribution programme might cost them their jobs. The land redistribution programme resulted in massive unemployment of commercial farm workers. After the land redistribution programme was officially closed, many farm workers lost their jobs (FCTZ, 2002). Some of the new owners who took over the farms lacked adequate finances or/and expertise to manage a commercial farm. About eighty-five percent (85%) of the farms that were surveyed in a study conducted by the Farm Community Trust of Zimbabwe (FCTZ) found out that there had been a drastic drop in productivity (FCTZ, 2002b). In a particular region of the country named Mashonaland West, FCTZ found that out of thirty farms sampled in the study, up to ninety percent (90%) of the farms had been taken over by the government (FCTZ, 2002). More than sixty percent (60%) of the 30 farms that were analysed had completely shut down (FCTZ, 2002). This implies that productivity at these farms had dropped to zero, and all the farm workers had lost their jobs. Although many commercial farm workers lost their jobs as a result of the redistribution programme, a historical background clearly outlines the context of this study and reveals that land distribution in Zimbabwe was unfair (Buckle, 2001). The land redistribution programme was designed to render justice to the black population that had been cheated for years. Meanwhile the land redistribution failure has been widely criticised, many politicians believe that the problem could have been tackled differently. The land reforms programme had disastrous consequences on the general Zimbabwean economy, which is dependent on agriculture as one of its major sources of foreign revenue and employment. By the time the land redistribution programme was officially completed in 2002, more than fifty percent (50%) of commercial farm workers had lost their jobs as a result of the land reforms   (Mutangi, 2010). At the end of the land redistribution programme, many of the farms were unable to achieve the same output as they had done in the past. This resulted in shortage of food, inflation and a surge in unemployment figures of commercial farm workers (FCTZ, 2002b). This affected not just the agricultural sector, but the entire economy considering the fact that agriculture is a major sector in the country. Significance of the Problem Scoones et al (2010) believe that the land redistribution programme received widespread stereotypical coverage. Although the programme did not achieve resounding success, the western media also politicised the subject. It is important to note that just about 6.7% of the commercial farm workers were offered land in the programme. Although there are varying figures on the number of farm workers who lost their jobs, the Commercial Farmers Union (CFU) of Zimbabwe estimates that about 200,000 commercial farm workers lost their jobs (CFU, 2003). After the redistribution programme was complete in 2002, many commercial farm workers lost access to vital social services such as basic health care, housing and other minor privileges which they had enjoyed before (Chan, 2003). The new farm owners had a different perspective on the importance of welfare services to workers. Although workers were guaranteed accommodation by the new farm owners, the quality of accommodation varied from farm to farm (Kibble Vanlerberghe, 2000). Under the new farm owners, workers who were still in service suffered from housing insecurity. When some workers tried to resist eviction, this resulted in disputes and clashes between the new farm owners and the workers (Buckle, 2001). By mid 2002, up to 900,000 individuals, including women and children were victims of the evictions (Chitiyo, 2002). Many of these displaced farm workers travelled to urban centres to look for other means of survival. In the last quarter of the year 2002, up to ninety percent (90%) of commercial farm workers who had left their jobs moved to other areas of the country. Some of them were lucky enough to pick up unskilled jobs in the city (UNDP, 2002).   Some of them will go any lengths to cross over into South Africa, where they got a hostile reception from the local population there. This study is important because it looks at a phenomenon that affected close to a million people considering the number of farmers and their relatives that were displaced from their settlements. It is equally important because it looks at a subject that fuelled pol itical unrest and resulted in double digit inflation figures for Zimbabwe. After the land redistribution programme, Zimbabwe recorded a drastic cut in its GNP. Rationale for the Research Project This study will explore the weaknesses of the land redistribution programme in Zimbabwe. It will identify the weaknesses of the programme and then propose better ways through which things could have been done to avoid the negative impact the programme left on the lives of farmers. Although many studies have been carried out in different academic disciplines on the land redistribution programme in Zimbabwe, many of these studies have focused on the causes and impact of the programme. They mostly look at how the land redistribution programme affected farmers, farm workers, the economy, politics and society of Zimbabwe. Few studies have focused on alternative ways through which the land redistribution programme could have been implemented in order to avoid the chaos it brought into the life of the farmers and the economy at large. Research Questions In order to ensure that the study stays focused on its main objective, which includes the impact of the land redistribution programme on commercial farm workers, this study shall be guided by a set of research questions outlined below. At every phase of the study, the researcher will ensure that was ever is done is seeking to find answers to one or more of the following research questions:- i.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What has happened to farm workers that were removed from farms? ii.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What has become of their standard of living? iii.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How has this affected the education and upbringing of their children? iv.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How could the farming industry have benefitted from using the skills of the disposed farm workers? v.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Why did the land reform programme fail? Hypothesis At the end of this study, the hypothesis shall either be confirmed or refuted based on the data gathered from this study. The hypothesis for this study includes the following:- a.)Commercial farm workers suffered as a result of the fact that the land redistribution programme was poorly planned an implemented. b.) Alternative ways of handling the injustices brought about by the inequitable distribution of land between blacks and white farmers would have brought justice without hurting farmers, farm workers and the economy. c.)The land redistribution programme was more of a political than a social problem that was why it backfired. Scope / Limitations This is an area that has been widely researched as it is of interests to many scholars from different disciplines. The proposed project will take the form of a research study that will be done using secondary research. This implies that it will look at information already gathered to express and clarify the points. This makes the task relatively easier for this study. The study also spans from the colonial period, when the land distribution patterns in Zimbabwe began in modern times, to the pre redistribution period. It also covers the post land redistribution era during which farmers began feeling the impact of the land redistribution process. I chose secondary sources as it is relatively easy to obtain yet it will answer the questions I need to answer in the research project leaving me enough scope to be able to consult different sources of information and to expand where I feel the is a gap. I am aware that some of the disadvantages of using secondary research include the fact that the information may not be complete as it relates to the researcher’s specific interest and I intend to address this by putting on additional information to ensure that my research is complete. One of the limitations of this study includes the fact that the study is about a controversial issue that has been politicised. As such, some of the data that has been previously published on the subject is characterised by the political bias of many of these authors. For instance, many of the publications authored by white farmers’ movements such as CFU, stress the damage caused by the land redistribution programme on the economy. Meanwhile many black authors stress the fact that land redistribution was characterised by historical injustices. In this light, it is challenging to distinguish between facts and the authors’ personal biases. Research Methodology This is qualitative study that will rely on secondary sources such as text books, journals and online sources for data collection. This is a topic that has been covered by many other researchers, making it relatively easier for the research to collect data. The study shall make use of qualitative methods to analyse the data collected for this study. Structure of the Project This study shall be structured into five chapters. Each of the chapters will address a particular aspect of the study. It shall be structured as listed below:- Chapter 1 Introduction Chapter 2 – Literature Review Chapter 3 – Methodology Chapter 3 – Results and Interpretations Chapter 5 – Conclusions Conclusions The study shall conclude by summarising the entire research project. The conclusion shall only be based on information gathered from the study. Based on these conclusions, recommendations shall be made. These recommendations shall outline the various ways through which the land redistribution ought to have been carried out. It shall also identify the mistakes made by the Mugabe regime.   Bibliography Buckle, C (2001) African Tears: Zimbabwe Land Invasions, Johannesburg: Covos Day CFU (2003) The Current Status of Commercial Agriculture in Zimbabwe, Harare Chan, S (2003) Robert Mugabe: A Life of Power and Violence, London: IB Taurus Chitiyo, K (2002) Harvest of Tongues: Zimbabwe’s ‘Third Chimurenga’ and the Making of an Agrarian Revolution, Mimeo FCTZ (2002) Concession Informal Settlement: Mazowe District, Mashonaland Central, Harare FCTZ (2002b) The Situation of Commercial Farm Workers after Land Reform in Zimbabwe 91 Kibble, S and P Vanlerberghe (2000) Land, Power and Poverty: Farm Workers and the Crisis in Zimbabwe, London: CIIR Mutangi G.T. (2010)   Livelihoods after Land Reform in Zimbabwe Working Paper 13 The Changing Patterns of Farm Labour after the Fast Track Land Reform Programme: The Case of Guruve District. Livelihoods After Land Reform Programme Sachikonye, L. M (2003) The Situation of Commercial Farm Workers after Land Reform in Zimbabwe A report prepared for the Farm Community Trust of Zimbabwe Scoones I., Marongwe N., Mavedzenge B., Mahenehene J., Murimbarimba F., Sukume C.(2010) Zimbabwe’s Land Reform – Myths and Realities. Weaver Press UNDP (2002) Zimbabwe Land Reform and Resettlement: Assessment and Suggested Framework for the Future, Interim Mission Report, Harare

Case project analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

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How to View Quality Theory from a Contingency Perspective Essay

How to View Quality Theory from a Contingency Perspective - Essay Example This does not mean that the work process should get routinized. Rather, enough flexibility has to be maintained, in order to meet all kinds of future changes and contingencies. In the modern dynamic business world this is far from being true. Hence there is the need is to develop a contingency approach to the quality management theories. The contingency perspective of quality management states that there can be no single management theory which can be used as a solution in all organizations under every circumstance. Hence all the elements of management, that is planning, organizing, staffing and directing needs to be suited to the requirements of the organization. The various factors upon which such decision making depends, include various environmental factors as well as several internal contingencies. (Stahl, 1999, p 78) The experts believe that the quality management is made up of two aspects namely, quality control and quality learning. Whereas control refers to the use of the quality improvement theories in an organization, learning refers to the use of the same in a contingency perspective. These two elements are also influenced by various moderators like the organizational structure and the environmental uncertainty, which in turn affects the overall performance. The managers need to have an effective balance between these two conflicting goals in the organization, so as to effectively deal with the situational uncertainties of the business. Thus it can be said that the successful working of an organization is dependent on the adaptability of its internal change processes to its external environment and to the contingencies occurring due to the nature of its business. (Giaever, 1998) A question can be asked in this regard, whether the Quality in itself is contingent or not. (Beckford, 2003, p. 151). There may be two dimensions of this question. The first one is the quality, which is determined by measuring the output of the organization.